During the vacuum forming process, irregular textures similar to “water ripples” often appear in flat areas. While this phenomenon is a common problem in thermoforming to a certain extent, in
Vacuum forming is a widely used plastic molding process in industries such as automotive, packaging, medical, and aerospace. Cooling is a critical stage in this process, as it directly influences the
Thermoforming is a highly versatile manufacturing process used to create a wide range of plastic products, from packaging to automotive parts. However, despite its flexibility, the process can